VI. Directions:Read the following passage, and then fill in the table with the information based on the passage. Write your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.(10%)

　　It is now possible to hear a recording of Caruso's singing that is far superior to any made during his lifetime. A decades-old wax-cylinder recording of this great operatic tenor has been digitized, and the digitized signal has been processed by computer to remove the extraneous sound, or“noise,”introduced by the now“ancient”wax-cylinder recording process.

　　Although this digital technique needs improvements, it represents a new and superior way of recording and processing sound which overcomes many of the limitations of analog recording. In analog recording systems, the original sound is represented as a continuous waveform created by variations in the sound's amplitude over time. When analog playback systems reproduce this waveform, however, they invariably introduce distortions. First, the waveform produced during playback differs somewhat from the original waveform. Second, the medium that stores the analog recording creates noise during playback which gets added to the recorded sounds.

　　Digital recordings,by contrast, reduce the original sound to a series of discrete numbers that represent the sound's waveform. Because the digital playback system“reads” only numbers,any noise and distortion that may accumulate during storage and manipulation of the digitized signal will have little effect: as long as the numbers remain recognizable, the original waveform will be reconstructed with little loss in quality. However, because the waveform is continuous, while its digital representation is composed of discrete numbers, it is impossible for digital systems to avoid some distortion. One kind of distortion, called“sampling error,”occurs if the sound is sampled too infrequently, so that the amplitude changes more than one quantum between samplings. In effect, the sound is changing too quickly for the system to record it accurately. A second form of distortion is“quantizing error,”which arises when the amplitude being measured is not a whole number of quanta, forcing the digital recorder to round off.Over the long term, these errors are random, and the noise produced is similar to analog noise except that it only occurs when recorded sounds are being reproduced.

　   Digital Recording The first paragraph shows that Caruso's singing now processed by computer, or 47,is of a lot better qualityComparatively speaking, the digital technique 　is sure 48 toanalog recording.One of the main differences between digital technique and analog recording system is 49,or noise.To avoid the kind of distortion named “sampling error”, the sound should be sampled more 50.It does not mean that the digital  recording system is 51,as there are still some improvements to be made in the future.

　　VM. Directions:Write a passage(150-200 words)in English on the following title. Develop the ideas according to the Chinese outline given below. Write your passage on the ANSWER SHEET.(15%)

　　52. What discovery in the last 100 years has been most beneficial for people?

　　(1)你认为过去一百年中最有益于人类的发现是什么?

　　(2)请用具体的理由和例子支持你的观点。

本文标签：河南自考 英语科技文选 2022年10月河南自考《英语科技文选》·5

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